It is suggested that only 17% of the known fungi can be readily grown in culture. Knowledge of the structure and diversity of the fungal community in the plant rhizosphere will lead to a better understanding of pathogen-antagonist interactions. A well-developed and diverse rhizosphere community is thought to be critical in the suppression of pathogens. Besides, the phylogenetic diversity of microorganisms can act as natural antagonists of various plant pathogens. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.įungi play important roles in soil ecosystem as major decomposers of plant residues, releasing nutrients that sustain and stimulate plant growth in the process. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.įunding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (30871664) and Open Project for the State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering (2060204). Received: JAccepted: JanuPublished: February 16, 2012Ĭopyright: © 2012 Gao et al. PLoS ONE 7(2):Įditor: Jack Anthony Gilbert, Argonne National Laboratory, United States of America (2012) Effect of Biocontrol Agent Pseudomonas fluorescens 2P24 on Soil Fungal Community in Cucumber Rhizosphere Using T-RFLP and DGGE. fluorescens 2P24 on soil fungal community in cucumber rhizosphere was just transient.Ĭitation: Gao G, Yin D, Chen S, Xia F, Yang J, Li Q, et al. Four weeks later, there was little difference between the treatment and control. DGGE results demonstrated that the soil fungal community was greatly shocked at the beginning, but it recovered slowly with the decline of P.
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However, there was little difference as digested by different enzymes. In T-RFLP analysis, principle component analysis showed that the soil fungal community was greatly influenced at first, digested with restriction enzyme H inf I and T aq I. The effect of 2P24 on soil fungal community in cucumber rhizosphere was investigated using T-RFLP and DGGE. The amount decreased from 10 8 to 10 5 CFU/g dry soils. fluorescens 2P24 was inoculated into cucumber rhizosphere, and the survival of 2P24 was monitored weekly. However, its potential effect on soil fungal community was still unknown. Pseudomonas fluorescens 2P24 had strong inhibitory on Rastonia solanacearum, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani, etc., and was isolated from the wheat rhizosphere take-all decline soils in Shandong province, China. Biological control is a promising method to protect plants as chemical pesticides may cause environment pollution. Environmental Microbiology published by Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Fungi and fungal community play important roles in the soil ecosystem, and the diversity of fungal community could act as natural antagonists of various plant pathogens. Results suggest that YV150 isolates with opposite mating-type have either strongly restrained or lost sexual reproduction among themselves. SSR alleles varied within populations, but recombination between populations was not detected despite co-occurrence at some locations. The remaining had MAT1-2 and belonged to the second population. Sixty-five percent of isolates had MAT1-1 and belonged to one population. Thirty-six YV150 haplotypes were separated into two populations by Structure and SplitsTree analyses.
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Additionally, great diversity was detected among 82 YV150 isolates collected over 20 years across Mexico and the United States. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) fingerprinting revealed that increased frequencies of VCG YV150 involved a single haplotype. Although VCGs reproduce clonally, significant diversity exists within VCGs. The shifts were attributed to founder events. Shifts in VCG frequencies similar to those caused by the introduction of biocontrol isolates were detected in Sonora, Mexico, where biocontrol is not currently practiced. Aflatoxin contamination is reduced with biocontrol products that enable atoxigenic isolates from atoxigenic VCGs to dominate the population. In warm regions, agricultural fields are occupied by complex Aspergillus flavus communities composed of isolates in many vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) with varying abilities to produce highly toxic, carcinogenic aflatoxins.